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The Square and Compasses Volume 1 – by Donald H. B. Falconer
THE SQUARE AND COMPASSES
IN SEARCH OF FREEMASONRY
DONALD H B FALCONER
MASONIC QUALIFICATIONS of W. M.
Bro. Donald H.B.Falconer
Craft: PM, PDGDC, Scottish Constitution,
NSW Constitution
Previously also English Constitution
Royal Arch: PZ, PDGDC,
Scottish Constitution
Cryptic Council: PTIM,
Scottish Constitution
Previously also English Constitution
Lodge & Council: PWCN, PMEC,
Scottish Constitution
Allied Masonic Degrees:
PM, DGSW, PGStBr,
English Constitution
Holy Royal Arch Knight Templar Priests:
PHP, PGIVP, English Constitution
Ancient & Accepted Scottish Rite:
PMWS, PGC, 31º,
Scottish Constitution
Worshipful Society of Free Masons, Rough Masons, Wallers, Slaters, Paviors, Plaisterers
and Bricklayers ("Operatives": VIIº, SPM, DGMM
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The Square and Compasses Volume 1 – by Donald H. B. Falconer
Also a member of the following Orders for more than forty years:
Royal Order of Scotland
The Order of the Temple,
Scottish Constitution.
Rome and the Red Cross of Constantine etc,
Previously Scottish Constitution, now NSW Constitution
Previously also a long-term member of the following Orders:
Order of the Secret Monitor, English and then NSW Constitution
Societas Rosicruciana in Scotia
Table of Contents
PREAMBLE
CHAPTER ONE – THE ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF SPECULATIVE
FREEMASONRY
Speculative Foundations
Mankind In Pre-History
The Earliest Freemasons
The Development Of Literacy
Monumental Masonry
Classical Masonry
Cathedral Masonry
CHAPTER TWO – FREEMASONRY AND RELIGION
The Rise Of Civilisation
What Is Freemasonry
Early Masonry
Temple Masonry
Classical Masonry
Cathedral Masonry
Modern Freemasonry Emerges
The Templar Influence
Other Influences On Freemasonry
Retrospect
CHAPTER THREE - THE LEGACY OF OPERATIVE FREEMASONRY
Origins
Masonry Through The Ages
The Freemason And His Lodge
English Operative Lodges
Scottish Operative Lodges
Irish Operative Lodges
Early “Non-Operative” Masons
Early Speculative Lodges
The “Mason Word”
Ceremonial
The Missing Stones
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The Square and Compasses Volume 1 – by Donald H. B. Falconer
Ground Plans
CHAPTER FOUR – HISTORY, A KEY ELEMENT IN MASONRY
Background
The Ancient Charges In Summary
The Liberal Arts And Sciences
The Foundation Of The Crafts
The Two Pillars
Nimrod And The Tower Of Babel
The Call Of Abraham
The Temple At Jerusalem
Freemasonry In France
Freemasonry In England
Freemasonry In Scotland
Freemasonry In Ireland
CHAPTER FIVE – SPECULATIVE CRAFT FREEMASONRY
Guild Masonry
Operative Influences
Modern Speculative Craft Freemasonry
The Purpose Of Freemasonry
CHAPTER SIX – THE PRECEPTS OF FREEMASONRY
In The Beginning
The First Principle
Behaviour And Responsibility
Social Conduct
Integrity
The Moral Virtues
The Social Virtues
The Intellectual Virtues
CHAPTER SEVEN - THE SYMBOLS OF FREEMASONRY
Symbols In Antiquity
Symbols In The Sacred Writings
The Origin Of Masonic Symbols
The Scope Of Masonic Symbolism
The Mystical Theme
Further Reading
CHAPTER EIGHT - THE TRADITIONAL DEGREES IN FREEMASONRY
The Medieval Freemasons
Medieval Lodges
The Ceremonials In Medieval Lodges
The Foundations
The Solomonic Degrees
The First Temple
The Second Temple
The Allied Masonic Degrees
The Colours And Symbolism Of The Regalia
The Operative Free Masons
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The Square and Compasses Volume 1 – by Donald H. B. Falconer
Other Orders
CHAPTER NINE – THE PILGRIMAGE AND SYMBOLISM OF THE ANCIENT AND
ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE
Introduction
The Craft Lodge or Preparatory Degrees
The Lodge of Perfection
The Council of Princes of Jerusalem
The Sovereign Chapter of Princes Rose Croix
The Philosophic Degrees of the Sovereign Council
The Search for Truth in the Sovereign Council
The Moralistic Teachings of the Sovereign Council
Consecration as Knight Kadosh
The Work of the Consistory
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The Square and Compasses Volume 1 – by Donald H. B. Falconer
PREAMBLE
Freemasonry has played a positive role in the development of civilisation and the
advancement of moral attitudes and religious observances in all ages of recorded history.
Ever since our primitive ancestors first began to think about their origins and to
contemplate the existence of a divine creator, freemasonry has played a vital role in the
development of civilisation and the parallel growth of religion. Few realise how important
freemasonry has been in establishing the welfare of human beings. In this context, the
origins of freemasonry have been examined and its accomplishments as a civilising force
have been traced through the evolution of the human race. The precepts and teachings of
freemasonry, which reflect freemasonry’s humanitarian and religious associations during
the last ten millennia or longer, also are considered in some detail.
This book differs from the usual books on freemasonry, both in its subject matter and in its
approach to the various subjects covered. It gathers together a series of discussion papers
prepared by the author and presented to various masonic bodies during the last forty years.
It is intended to provide a stimulus and hopefully an inspiration for anyone wanting to
know how freemasonry originated and what it is about. The original papers were prepared
as separate entities, each intended to consider some specific aspect of freemasonry.
References to subjects beyond the scope of a paper, but about which it would be helpful for
the reader to have some knowledge, are as brief as possible consistent with their bearing
upon the discussion. Related aspects of importance usually are covered in separate papers.
Most of the assembled papers have been revised and amplified more than once, many
several times, to reflect the latest archaeological discoveries and related research, as well
as the continuing developments in science. In this respect the advances in knowledge that
have been achieved during the second half of the twentieth century have been truly
remarkable.
The original papers have been incorporated into this book as chapters arranged in a logical
sequence. The author hopes that each chapter will provide a useful basis for discussions by
interested groups. The texts of the papers have therefore been used without change, no
attempt having been made to consolidate the subject matter, nor to remove references to
related aspects. For this reason similar references may appear in more than one chapter, for
which the author offers no apology. Although most chapters could be presented and
discussed in a single session, sometimes more than one session would be appropriate for
the scope and importance of the subject. Publications the author thinks are of particular
interest in relation to a subject are referred to at the appropriate place in the text.
Contrary to a hypothesis sometimes put forward, speculative freemasonry is not a recent
invention, but evolved in lodges of operative freemasons in conjunction with the practice
of the stonemason's craft. Humans differ from other animals, because they have an
insatiable curiosity concerning their origins and the environment in which they live. As a
direct consequence of this, speculative freemasonry developed in lodges of operative
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