BUSINESS GRAMMAR BUILDER Paul Emmerson.pdf

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Business
Paul
Emmerso"
Gfammaf
Builder
n
MACMIII,AN
Contents
LIST OF GRAMMAR TERMS
VERB EN5E5
T
present
continuous. exprcssions
time
simple,
I Present
time 1: present
pedect
prcsent
or
continuous present
simple continuous?,
or
2 Pr€sent
time 2: present
tenses, verbs
state
of
other
continuous?, uses present
past
past
time
3 Pasttime 1: pastsimple, continuous, expressions, smpleorcontinuous
past
used
continuous, tol!'l,ould
time
4 Pasttime 2r pastperfect, exprcssions, perfect
+ nfinitive
perfect,
be€t
timeexpressions, (to)andgone(to)
5 Pastand present1: present
perfectT,
perfect?,
prcsent
simpeor present
or
2:
simple present
6 Pastand present past
perfect
present
pertect present
present
perfect
or
continuous?
time
continuous, expressions,
continuous, ot going to?, going ta ot ptesent
wil/
7 Eutute 1t wilt, going to, present
continuous?, exDressons
time
prcsent
future
futurep€rfect'
simple/continuous, continLlous,
8 Future2i timeexpressions,
to
wal goingto, otherways talkaboutlhe futule
PASStVES
who does
sayinq
systems processes,
and
on
li
9 passive fofm,focus impo(antinformation,
verbs
transitive intransitive
and
the action,
passive infintive,
+
information,
being
fomal/impersonal,
2:
to
10 Pasiive linking previoos
done,to be bom
havesomething
verbswith two objects,
VERBS
MODAIS ANO RELATED
w;//
11 Modalsand relatedverbs l: form,ability, andwillingness
pemission,
prohibition,
oplnions
no
12 Modalsand relatedverbs2i necessity, necessity,
need
andadvice, criticism, lo
Dast
nty,
lnceara
and
expectation,
certainty deduction,
13 Modalsand relatedv€rbs3: probability,
possibillty
permiss offers
on,
and
language,
requests,
I 4 Modalsand relatedverbs4: direct/indirect
suggestons
invltatlons,
QUESTIONS
l0
14
18
22
26
30
34
38
42
46
50
54
58
62
question
phrases,
question
questions answers,
wordquestions,
and
l:
15 Questions yeslno
questions
negative
quesrion
words lhe subred,
as
quenions,
indiFctquest
ons,preposit ln question5,
ons
reply
2:
tags,
16 Questions question
what B it tor andwlal wasi lile
coNDtttoNAtS
66
ia
74
17 Conditionals1:conditionsandresulls,fvvesel/...,/fwesold.,unlers,oihermodak
78
verbs
withouili wish,modal
ld
18 Conditionafs /f we50 .-., ff we hadsold...,.onditionals
2:
n conditionals. rvere
/f/
You...
CONTENTS 5
VERBS FOLLOWED BY -,,VG OR INFII{ITIVE
19 Verb+ -ing or intinitive I: ve|b+-r?g;verb+ to+ innnitive, +objecr+ fo+ infnitve,
verb
makeand /et, verb+ that clause
20 Verb+ ,hg or inJinitive ve.b+ -t g or infinitive,
2:
ve|bs p-6rcepUon, v-a
pass forms:
of
-lrg or infinitive
R E P O R T E DS P E E C H
a2
86
2l Reported
speech reported
1:
speech;tense
peopl€,
changes,
notense
paces,
change.
times things
and
22 Reported
speech 5ayor te4 otherreporting
2:
vebs,/t + pass of a reporting
ve
verb,
questions,
reporting
rcpoding
commands requests
and
PHRASAL VERB5
90
94
phrasalvelbs,
23 Phrasal
verbsl: undeGtanding
phrasal
separable
verbs,
inseparable
phraralverbs
24 Phrasalverbs phrasalve|bsp€position.
+
phrasalverbs,
partcle
2:
three-pan
me.nings
OIHER VERB CONsTRUCIIONS
98
1O2
25 Verbsand obiectsr
transitive
vebs,intransitive
verbs,
verb+ two objects, + two
vefb
lor
objeds
using
26 The 'ing form: asa noun, an adjective, prcpositions, to b-cain c ause
as
after
used
a
27 rhake, get, haveruses fourcommon
do,
of
verbs
FELAIIV€ CIAUS€5
106
110
114
28 Relative
pronouns,
clau5$ 1: relative
clauses,
€lative
leaving the reativepronou n
out
n
a defining
rclative
clause,
non-defining
reiative
clauses, ve prono!ns prepostions
€lat
and
29 Relative
clauses combrning
2:
senten<es,
structure combined
of
sentences, of
use
what, useol where,when andwhy, rclative
clauses
with a participle
{-lngl-ed)
I{OUNS,
PRONOUiIS
AI\IDARTICLES
30 Countable
and uncountable
nouns:@untable
nouns,
nouns,
uncountable
singu or
ar
p|nal?,alan/a bt of, anylsone,
nanylnuch, few,liftle,
specific general
and
meanings
prcr,ouna,
3l Pronouns:
indefinite
someonelanyone,
eye4lonelno reflexive
pronouns
one,
'everything' 'th€on y ih ng',
32 Determiners:
a///most/nanylsomela all meaning
few,
or
no/none, ea.hlevery,bothI elherl neithel
's
33 Possessiv€s compound
and
nouns:possessive
adjectives pronouns, (aposirophe
and
s),
ot compound
nouns
34 Articles1: basic
uses artides,
ol
a/a4 a of an?,tle noarticle
35 Articles2: place
place
names no article,
and
names rhe,speci.lsesof the,
and
gener.land
spFcrtr(
specdl of'ro ddi(le.
use!
rredrrngs
118
122
126
130
134
138
142
146

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