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MANAGING THE PRIVATE SPIES
USE OF COMMERCIAL AUGMENTATION
FOR INTELLIGENCE OPERATIONS
GLENN J. VOELZ
DISCUSSION PAPER NUMBER FOURTEEN
JOINT MILITARY INTELLIGENCE COLLEGE
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Discussion Paper Number Fourteen
MANAGING THE PRIVATE SPIES:
THE USE OF COMMERCIAL AUGMENTATION
FOR INTELLIGENCE OPERATIONS
By Glenn James Voelz, Major, U.S. Army
JMIC PRESS
Joint Military Intelligence College
WASHINGTON, DC
June 2006
The views expressed in this work are those of the author
and do not refl ect the offi cial policy or position of the
Department of Defense or the U.S. Government
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CONTENTS
Acknowledgment .................................................................................................... v
Foreword ................................................................................................................. vii
Intelligence Commercialization: Private Sector Augmentation for
Operational Support ................................................................................................ 1
Historical Precedents for Commercialized Intelligence ......................................... 5
Justifying Intelligence Outsourcing ................................................................. 11
Overcoming Force Structure Challenges ................................................. 13
Dealing with a Complex Threat Environment, ........................................ 16
Integrating Advanced Technological and Analytical Tools ...................... 18
The Legal and Regulatory Environment for Commercialized Intelligence
Augmentation .......................................................................................................... 23
Inherently Governmental Functions ................................................................. 23
Personal Services Contracting .......................................................................... 26
Legal Oversight ................................................................................................ 28
Other Legal Considerations .............................................................................. 30
Evaluative Framework for Commercialized Intelligence Augmentation ......... 32
Evaluating Public-Private Intelligence Partnerships: Selected Examples ............. 34
Privatized Personnel Security Investigations ................................................... 34
Applying the Evaluative Criteria ...................................................................... 37
Commercial Remote Sensing ........................................................................... 38
Applying the Evaluative Criteria ...................................................................... 41
Commercialized Intelligence Support to the GWOT.............................................. 43
The Contract Award Process ............................................................................ 44
Developing Contract Language......................................................................... 46
Management of Contract Personnel ................................................................. 49
Contractor Training and Integration ................................................................. 50
Contract Offi cer Representative Training and Responsibilities ....................... 52
iii
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Other Issues of Concern ................................................................................... 55
Applying the Evaluative Criteria ........................................................................... 56
The Future of Commercialized Intelligence Augmentation ................................... 57
Considerations for Reform ............................................................................... 57
Option One: A Conservative Approach ............................................ 58
Option Two: Incremental Reform .................................................... 60
Option Three: Radical Change ......................................................... 63
Conclusion ........................................................................................................... 66
Appendix: Evaluative Criteria: Consolidated Case Study Overview ..................... 67
Bibliography .......................................................................................................... 69
About the Author .................................................................................................... 79
iv
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