Crankshaw E., The Shadow ... Russia's Drift to Revolution, 1825-1917.pdf

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WINTER
EDWARD
ofthe
PALACE
CRANKSHAW
The
Shadow of
the Winter
Palace
is
a
pan-
oramic,
illuminating
account of a
dynasty in
decline-but it is much more than that. Edward
Crankshaw's
brilliant history
of
Russia under
the last four
Tsars
shows
how
that
colorful
and mysterious country
had
within
it
the seeds
not
only of
revolution but also
of
many
aspects
of modern
Russia
which we are
apt to think
of as peculiar
to the Soviet
state.
In its main historical theme this
remarkable
book
tells
how
the autocratic
Romanovs
re-
sponded
to the
obvious
need to modernize,
liberate,
and
unify not
only
their
country
but
their
government.
Mr.
Crankshaw weaves a
colorful
tapestry
of
dynastic, military, diplo-
matic,
economic,
and
social
history. From the
opening scene, where glittering arrays of
im-
perial
guards
fa
ced
down their rebellious con-
freres
who were attempting
the
uDecembrist"
re
volt
against
the new
yo
ung Tsar Nicholas I,
throu
gh
the
extraordinary events of
his
reign
(culminating
in the disasters
of the Crimean
War)
and
that
of
the Tsar Liberator,
Alexan-
der
II, down through the
strained and
tumultu-
ous decades
of
Nicholas
II's reign,
which
ended
(Continued on back flap)
lacket design
by
Louise
Fiti
(Continued from front flap)
with the Revolution
of
1917, Mr.
Crankshaw
offers a
brilliant narrative
of a century of
high
achievement-and equally of squalor and
backwardness in the Russian imperial realm.
His
account is rich
not
only in event and
in
stirring
political debate but in
unforge
ttable
personalities: the princes,
generals,
diplomats,
artists, and
radicals
who
contributed
to the
unequaled drama
of
pre-Revolutionary Russia.
Mr. Crankshaw's
absorbing and authoritative
history
is a
remarkable literary
achievement,
bringing
to
light
and
life
a
Russia
whose
s
tunning-often tragic-paradoxes
seem
undimmed
even a century
later.
Edward
Crankshaw enjoys a wide
reputation
as a writer on
many aspects
of
European his-
tory
and culture.
Since 1947
a correspondent
for
Th
e Observer
(London),
he has personal
experience of
Rus
sia
going
back to his
service
on
the British Military
Mission in
Russia from
1941 to 1943. He
is
the
author of
nineteen
books,
among
them
Khrushchev:
A
Biogra-
phy,
The Fall
of
the House
of
Habsburg,
and,
most recently,
Tolstoy:
The
Making
of a
'Jovelist
(Viking
1973).
THE
VIKING
PRESS
625
Madison Avenue,
New York,
N.Y. 10022
PRINTED
IN U
.S .A.
THE SHADOW OF
THE
WINTER PALACE
Contents
I.
2.
3·
4·
5·
6.
7·
8.
9·
10.
II.
12.
13·
14·
15·
16.
17·
18.
19·
20.
21.
22.
A Moment
of
History
The
Doomed
Conspiracy
The Autocratic
Inheritance
The State of the Empire
The Growth of the
Mind
The Imperial
Mission
The Slow Drift
to Disaster
The
Crimean F
iasco
The New Tsar
Revolution from Above
Limits
of Tolerance
and Vision
Peace
Abroad; Prosperity at
H
ome
Aspects
of
Self-Love
'How
Great is Russia!'
The
Impact
of Terror
The Peace
of
the Graveyard
New Wine
in
Very Old
Bottles
N
icholas
and Alexandra
Defeat in Asia
'Impossible
to Live Thus Any
Longer'
Stolypin and
the Thirteenth
Hour
The
End
NOTES ON SOURCES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
CHRO
NOLOGI
CAL
TABLE
INDEX
13
20
37
54
78
98
117
133
152
16 5
17 8
19 8
218
234
252
27 2
286
303
320
333
354
374
394
409
416
421
Copyright@EdwardCrankshaw
1976
All
rights
reserved
Published
in 1976
by
The Viking Press
625
Madison
Avenue,
New York, N.Y. 10022
LIBRARY
OF
CONGRESS
CATALOGING
IN
PUBLICATION
DATA
To the
Emperor
of All the Russias belongs the supreme and
unlimited power_
Not only
fear, but also
conscience commanded
by
God
Himself, is the basis
of obedience
to
this poweL
Article [of the Fundamental Laws
of
Imperial RUHia
Crankshaw, Edward.
The shadow of
the
wimer palace.
Bibliography:
p.
Includes index.
I.
Russia-History- History-19th
century.
2.
Russia-History- Nicholas 11,1894*1917.
3.
Romanov,
House
of,
1.
Title.
DK189.C66
1976
947'.07
76·10636
ISBN
0-670·63782-3
Printed
in
the
United
States
of
America
The
publi~her
s
Russia's past is admirable; her present more than
magnificent;
as to
her future, it is beyond the
grasp of
the most daring imagination.
That is
the point
of view. _ .
from which
Russian history must be
conceived and written.
COUlIt A. K Bel1ckendortJ, Chief of Police, to
P.
I. Chaadayev, [83 6
R~cli
o
are
gr~teful
10
Miss Tatiana
Wolff
for
help with the
illustra·
tion
s,
and to the following for
su
pplying them'
The
British Library 17
Mary Evans 25,27
George
Gibbes 4
Mwsdl
Collection 32
Novosti 6.7,8,9,
10, 1 I,
12, 13,
14,
15, 18,
19.
20,
21,
22,
33
Popperfoto 34, 36
Times
Hulton
Picture
Library
2,3,5,1(',23,24.26,28,29,30 ,31,
35,37.3 8
The whole
of our administration
is
one vast
svstem
of
malfeasance
raised to the dignity
of
statc
government.
'
A. M. UnkovskJ, Provincial Marshal of the
Nobility of
Tva, [859
The
author
and publishers wish to thank
the
following who
have
kindl
y
given
permission
for
the
usc
of copyright
maleri;]] :
Barrie
&
Jenkins
and
Praega
Publishers
Inc.
for an
extract
from
Sda
rd
EHaYf
011
MUfic
by Vladimir Vasilcvieh
Stasov,
translated
by
rJorencc
Jonas;
Cambridge University Press for an
extract
from 'Nichobs I and
the
Partition
of
Turkey'
by
G
.
H. Bolsover,
taken
from
Th~
SlaVOniC and
Earl
Europ~a ll
R(vi~U!,
No,
69.
'948:
Chatto
&
\Vindus Limited and
AHrcd
A.
Knopf
I
nc. for all extract
from
Ill), Parr and
Th
oll ghu:
Ih~
M~moirf
of
A{(Xa
nd~r
H~run
translated
by
Constance Garnett;
Constable
&
Company Limited for
exlract~
from
Sir
Arthtl~ Ni~o!Jon
,
Bart, 1:'/,r;1
Lord
Carnock
by
Harold
N
icolson; Oxford UmvtTslty Press
for
1
h~
Tolamrnt
by
Lennontov from
the
Introduction
to
Th~
Oxford lJook of
Russian
V~ru
chosen
by
Maurice
Baring; University of
Califorma
Press
for
extracts
from
Th~
Firfl
RIIHiall
R~volution,
/825
by
Anatole
G
.
Mazour,
copyright
©
1937
by
The Regents
of the Univers
ity
of Cali-
fo rnia.
The
publishers have made
every
effort
to
trace the copyright-holders but
if
they
have
inadvertentl
y overlooked
any, they
WII!
be
pleased to make the
necessary
arrangement
at the
first
opportunity ,

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